Neonatal vitamin K deficiency (Q45816)

There are 3 forms of vitamin K–deficiency bleeding (VKDB) of the newborn. Early VKDB (haemorrhagic disease of the newborn) that occurs at 1-14 days of age. The most common sites of bleeding are the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal and cutaneous tissue, the umbilical stump, and the post-circumcision site. Late VKDB most commonly occurs at 2-12 weeks of age, although cases can occur up to 6 months. The most common site of bleeding is intracranial, although cutaneous and gastrointestinal bleeding may be initial manifestation. The third form of VKDB occurs at birth or shortly thereafter. It is secondary to maternal intake of medications (warfarin, phenobarbital, phenytoin) that cross the placenta.