Autoimmune movement disorder (Q84148)

Autoimmune movement disorders are immune-mediated inflammatory disorders of the central nervous that may respond to immunotherapy and are not associated with cancer. They may be post-infectious (e.g. Sydenhams chorea) and typically present with sub-acute hypokinetic (parkinsonism [akinesia, bradykinesia, rigidity or postural instability]) or hyperkinetic (chorea, tremor [cerebellar/basal ganglia associated], dystonia or myoclonus) movement disorders. MRI may reveal T2-signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia and spinal fluid may be inflammatory (elevated white cell count, markedly elevated protein or excess oligoclonal bands). Neural specific autoantibodies are rarely detected although non-organ specific autoantibodies (e.g. anti-phospholipid autoantibodies) occur frequently. Associated neural autoantibodies include: DPPX (dipeptidyl-peptidase–like protein-6), GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 antibodies), NMDA-R (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoantibodies),VGKC (LGI1, CASPR2) voltage gated potassium channel antibodies.