Paraneoplastic or autoimmune disorders of the nervous system (Q41487): Difference between revisions
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Transtornos paraneoplásicos e autoimunes do sistema nervoso resultam de um ataque imunológico direcionado a neurônios ou células gliais no sistema nervoso central (p.ex., encefalopatia, ataxia, mielite) ou periférico (neuropatias periféricas ou autonômicas, transtornos da junção neuromuscular ou miopatia). No contexto paraneoplásico, esse ataque é uma consequência de uma resposta imune potencialmente eficaz ao tumor iniciada por antígenos onconeurais derivados de um câncer sistêmico. No contexto não paraneoplásico denominado autoimune, a etiologia permanece indefinida, embora evidências crescentes indiquem um gatilho infeccioso anterior em pelo menos alguns casos. Esses transtornos são comumente multifocais causando lesões e sintomas decorrentes do envolvimento em vários níveis do sistema nervoso. Uma história pessoal ou familiar de autoimunidade é frequentemente encontrada. Concomitantemente podem ser encontrados autoanticorpos neurais e anticorpos não órgão-específicos (anticorpos peroxidase da tireoide [TPO]). O perfil de autoanticorpos neurais pode ser preditivo de um tipo específico de câncer e pode estar associado a um fenótipo neurológico particular. A exclusão de etiologias alternativas (p.ex., infecções) é importante. A resposta a imunoterapia pode apoiar o diagnóstico. | |||
| description / en | description / en | ||
Paraneoplastic and autoimmune disorders of the nervous system result from a targeted immune attack on neurons or glial cells in the central (e.g. encephalopathy, ataxia, myelitis) or peripheral nervous systems (peripheral or autonomic neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders or myopathy). In the paraneoplastic context, this attack is a consequence of a potentially effective tumour immune response initiated by onco-neural antigens derived from a systemic cancer. In the non-paraneoplastic context termed autoimmune the etiology remains elusive though increasing evidence indicates a preceding infectious trigger in at least some cases. These disorders are commonly multifocal causing injury and symptoms arising from involvement at many levels of the nervous system. A personal or family history of autoimmunity is often found. Accompanying neural and non-organ specific (thyroid peroxidase [TPO] antibodies) autoantibodies may be found. The neural autoantibody profile may be predictive of a specific cancer type and may be associated with a particular neurological phenotype. Exclusion of alternative etiologies (e.g. infections) is important. Response to immunotherapy may support the diagnosis. | |||
Revision as of 07:40, 13 August 2026
Paraneoplastic and autoimmune disorders of the nervous system result from a targeted immune attack on neurons or glial cells in the central (e.g. encephalopathy, ataxia, myelitis) or peripheral nervous systems (peripheral or autonomic neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders or myopathy). In the paraneoplastic context, this attack is a consequence of a potentially effective tumour immune response initiated by onco-neural antigens derived from a systemic cancer. In the non-paraneoplastic context termed autoimmune the etiology remains elusive though increasing evidence indicates a preceding infectious trigger in at least some cases. These disorders are commonly multifocal causing injury and symptoms arising from involvement at many levels of the nervous system. A personal or family history of autoimmunity is often found. Accompanying neural and non-organ specific (thyroid peroxidase [TPO] antibodies) autoantibodies may be found. The neural autoantibody profile may be predictive of a specific cancer type and may be associated with a particular neurological phenotype. Exclusion of alternative etiologies (e.g. infections) is important. Response to immunotherapy may support the diagnosis.
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| default for all languages | 8E4A |
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| English | Paraneoplastic or autoimmune disorders of the nervous system |
Paraneoplastic and autoimmune disorders of the nervous system result from a targeted immune attack on neurons or glial cells in the central (e.g. encephalopathy, ataxia, myelitis) or peripheral nervous systems (peripheral or autonomic neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders or myopathy). In the paraneoplastic context, this attack is a consequence of a potentially effective tumour immune response initiated by onco-neural antigens derived from a systemic cancer. In the non-paraneoplastic context termed autoimmune the etiology remains elusive though increasing evidence indicates a preceding infectious trigger in at least some cases. These disorders are commonly multifocal causing injury and symptoms arising from involvement at many levels of the nervous system. A personal or family history of autoimmunity is often found. Accompanying neural and non-organ specific (thyroid peroxidase [TPO] antibodies) autoantibodies may be found. The neural autoantibody profile may be predictive of a specific cancer type and may be associated with a particular neurological phenotype. Exclusion of alternative etiologies (e.g. infections) is important. Response to immunotherapy may support the diagnosis. |
