View source for Como o Governo Federal está construindo a Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados para dar suporte a sistemas de IA como determinar.ia.br

O determinar.ia.br está atuando com o I.N.D.I.A. um grafo aberto de fatos verificados que complementa a Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados de Inteligência Artificial com registros determinísticos, prontos para consumo por agentes de IA.<syntaxhighlight lang="markdown">
© Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
President of the Republic
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Minister of State for Science, Technology and Innovation
Luciana Santos
Executive Secretary
Luis Manuel Rebelo Fernandes
Secretary of Science and Technology for Digital Transformation
Henrique de Oliveira Miguel
Head of the Advisory Office of the National Council for Science and Technology (ASCCT)
Denise Aparecida Carvalho
© Center for Strategic Studies and Management (CGEE)
Chief Executive Officer
Fernando Cosme Rizzo Assunção
Directors
Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes
Caetano Christophe Rosado Penna
Director of Administration and Finance
Geraldo Nunes Sobrinho
Cataloging in publication
C389a
Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan. Brasília, DF: Ministry of 
Science, Technology and Innovation; Center for Strategic Studies and 
Management, 2025.
66 p.: il.
ISBN 978-65-5775-101-5
1. Artificial Intelligence. 2. National Production. 3. Social Welfare. 
4. Advanced technology - Brazil. I. MCTI. II. CGEE. III. Title.
CDU 007.52:004.896 (81)
All rights reserved by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) and the Center for Strategic Studies and 
Management (CGEE). The texts contained in this publication may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, provided the 
source is cited: Bibliographical reference:
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION - MCTI; CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AND 
MANAGEMENT - CGEE. AI for the Good of All; Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan. Brasília, DF: MCTI;CGEE, 2025. 66p.
Layout, cover, and infographics
Graphic context
Graphic Design Project
CGEE Graphic Design Nucleus
This publication is an integral part of the activities developed within the scope of the 3rd CGEE Management Contract 
2022/2030 – 5th Addendum, project Technical Support to the CCT Thematic Commissions and generation of subsidies for the 
Formulation of National Policies and Strategies for Science and Technology – 1.10.01.03.03.01
Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan
National Council for Science and Technology (CCT)
President of the Republic
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
I - Ministers of State:
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Incumbent: Luciana Barbosa de Oliveira Santos
Alternate: Luis Manuel Rebelo Fernandes
Civil House of the Presidency of the Republic
Incumbent: Rui Costa
Alternate: Miriam Aparecida Belchior
General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic
Incumbent: Márcio Costa Macêdo
Alternate: Kelli Cristine de Oliveira Mafort
Institutional Security Cabinet of the Presidency of the Republic
Incumbent: Marcos Antonio Amaro dos Santos
Alternate: Ivan de Sousa Corrêa Filho
Attorney General’s Office
Incumbent: Jorge Messias – Minister of the Attorney General’s Office
Alternate: Flávio José Roman – Deputy Attorney General
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
Incumbent: Carlos Fávaro
Alternate: Irajá Rezende de Lacerda
Ministry of Defense
Incumbent: José Mucio Monteiro Filho 
Alternate: Heraldo Luiz Rodrigues
Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade and Services
Incumbent: Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho
Alternate: Márcio Fernando Elias Rosa
Ministry of Education
Incumbent: Camilo Sobreira de Santana
Alternate: Leonardo Osvaldo Barchini Rosa
Ministry of Finance
Incumbent: Fernando Haddad
Alternate: Rafael Dubeux
Ministry of Integration and Regional Development
Incumbent: Antônio Waldez Góes da Silva
Alternate: Valder Ribeiro de Moura
Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change
Incumbent: Marina Silva
Alternate: João Paulo Capobianco
Ministry of Mines and Energy
Incumbent: Alexandre Silveira de Oliveira 
Alternate: Arthur Cerqueira Valerio
Ministry of Planning and Budget
Incumbent: Simone Nassar Tebet
Alternate: Gustavo José de Guimarães e Souza
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Incumbent: Ambassador Mauro Vieira
Alternate: Ambassador Maria Laura da Rocha
Ministry of Health
Incumbent: Alexandre Rocha Santos Padilha
Alternate: Carlos Augusto G. Gadelha
Ministry of Management and Innovation in Public Services
Incumbent: Esther Dweck
Alternate: Cristina Kiomi Mori
II - Representatives of producers and users of science and technology:
Incumbent: Sílvia Maria Fonseca Silveira Massruhá
Alternate: Altaci Corrêa Rubim
Incumbent: Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
Alternate: Aldenize Ruela Xavier
Incumbent: Leonardo Souza Rogério de Castro
Alternate: Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa
Incumbent: Rafael Esmeraldo Lucchesi Ramacciotti
Alternate: Jorge Antônio Zepeda Bermudez
Incumbent: Mercedes Maria da Cunha Bustamante
Alternate: Décio Nery de Lima
Incumbent: André de Oliveira Câncio
Alternate: Paulo Rogério Foina
Incumbent: José Eduardo Azevedo Fiates
Alternate: Marcela Chami Gentil Flores
Incumbent: Josealdo Tonholo
Alternate: Edson da Costa Bortoni
III - Representatives of the following entities in the education, research, 
science and technology sectors:
Brazilian Academy of Sciences (ABC)
Incumbent: Helena Bonciani Nader
Alternate: Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science (SBPC)
Incumbent: Renato Janine Ribeiro
Alternate: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto
National Association of Directors of Federal Higher Education Institutions (Andifes)
Incumbent: Dácio Roberto Matheus
Alternate: Sandra Regina Goulart Almeida
National Council of State Secretaries for Science, Technology and Innovation Affairs 
(Consecti)
Incumbent: Sílvio Romero Bulhões de Azevedo
Alternate: José Frederico Lyra Netto
Brazilian Institute of Human, Smart, Creative and Sustainable Cities (Ibrachics)
Incumbent: André Gomyde Porto
Alternate: Hideraldo Luiz de Almeida
National Council for State Funding Agencies (Confap)
Incumbent: Odir Antonio Dellagostin
Alternate: Márcio de Araújo Pereira
Brazilian Association of Rectors of Provincial and Municipal Universities (Abruem)
Incumbent: Francisco do O’ de Lima Júnior
Alternate: Odilon Maximo de Morais
Brazilian Association of Community Higher Education Institutions (Abruc)
Incumbent: Jorge Luis Nicolas Audy
Alternate: Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
National Council of Institutions of the Federal Network for Professional, Scientific 
and Technological Education (Conif)
Incumbent: Júlio Xandro Heck
Alternate: Ana Paula Palheta Santana
National Association of Graduate Students (ANPG)
Incumbent: Rogean Vinicius Santos Soares
Alternate: Isadora Magalda Morais Cortez
Operational Support Working Group
Executive Secretary of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation 
(Sexec/MCTI)
Luiz Manuel Rebelo Fernandes
Secretary of the Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation for Digital 
Transformation (Setad/MCTI)
Henrique de Oliveira Miguel
Head of the Advisory Office of the National Council for Science and Technology 
(CCT/MCTI)
Denise Aparecida Carvalho
Special Advisor to the Minister of State for Science, Technology and Innovation 
(MCTI)
Renata Vicentini Mielli
Technical team of the Center for Strategic Studies and Management (CGEE)
Caetano Christophe Rosado Penna (Supervising Director)
Caroline Nascimento Pereira (Project Leader)
Isabela Quadros Dantas Barros
MCTI technical team
André Rafael Costa e Silva
Cristina Akemi Shimoda Uechi
Daniel Silva Boson
Eliana Cardoso Emediato de Azambuja
Everton Goursand de Freitas
Guilherme de Paula Côrrea
Hamilton José Mendes da Silva
Rubens Caetano Barbosa de Souza
Other participating institutions
Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES)
National Confederation of Industry (CNI)
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
Office of the Comptroller General (CGU)
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)
Brazilian Company for Industrial Research and Innovation (Embrapii)
Social Security Technology and Information Company (Dataprev)
Funding Authority for Studies and Projects (Finep)
Institutional Security Cabinet (GSI)
Petrobras
Federal Revenue of Brazil (RFB)
Secretariat of Articulation and Monitoring (SAM/CC/PR)
Secretariat of Social Communication of the Presidency of the Republic (Secom/PR)
Federal Data Processing Service (Serpro)
S System
Table of Contents
Presentation 9
Introduction 11
1. The context of artificial intelligence in the world and in Brazil 15
1.1. What is artificial intelligence? 15
1.2. The transformative potential of artificial intelligence 15
1.3. Windows of opportunity for Brazil 18
1.4. Economic aspects of AI and challenges for application in Brazilian industry 19
2. What is an AI for the Good of All? 21
3. Action plan 25
3.1. Premises and objective 25
3.2. Investment Amount 26
3.3. Immediate impact actions 26
3.4. Structuring actions 28
3.4.1. Axis 1: Infrastructure and AI Development 29
3.4.2. Axis 2: Diffusion, training and qualification in AI 31
3.4.3. Axis 3: AI for improving public service 32
3.4.4. Axis 4: AI for business innovation 34
3.4.5. Axis 5: Support for the regulatory and governance process of AI 35
4. Governance and monitoring of the AI for the Good of All Plan 37
Annex 1. Immediate Impact Actions 39
Annex 2. Structuring actions 47
Acronyms and Abbreviations Found in this Publication 61
References 64

Presentation
It is with great satisfaction that I present the final version of the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence 
Plan (PBIA), a strategic initiative of the National Council for Science and Technology (CCT), of the federal 
government, under the coordination of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), with 
the support of the Center for Strategic Studies and Management (CGEE), to position Brazil at the forefront 
of the development and responsible application of artificial intelligence.
Throughout the world, we are witnessing a real race to guarantee dominance of artificial intelligence 
technologies. As a sovereign nation committed to the well-being of our population, we cannot remain on 
the sidelines of this revolution. PBIA is born from the conviction that Brazil not only must participate in 
this journey but can and should do so in a way that reflects our particular values, priorities, and challenges.
Artificial intelligence represents a powerful set of technologies with the potential to transform practically 
all sectors of society. It requires robust computing infrastructure and has the capacity to present innovative 
solutions for the most diverse challenges, from the everyday to the most complex national problems.
Our vision is clear: we want Brazil to be a global model of efficiency and innovation in the sustainable 
use of artificial intelligence, including in the public sector. We do not simply want to import solutions; we 
want to develop them here, by Brazilians and for Brazilians, considering our social, cultural, and economic 
particularities.
To realize this vision, PBIA foresees investments of R$ 23 billion until 2028. These resources, coming from 
various sources such as credit, public funds, and private investment counterpart, will be directed to 
strengthen our technological infrastructure, qualify professionals, and foster research and innovation in 
AI in the Country.
One of the most emblematic projects of this effort is the creation of our sovereign cloud, a national data 
storage infrastructure. This initiative is fundamental to protecting strategic information of national public 
institutions, guaranteeing our digital sovereignty.
PBIA is not just a technological plan. Our goal is to ensure that artificial intelligence improves the lives of 
the Brazilian people, promoting social inclusion and offering tangible solutions in priority areas such as 
health and education.
We know that, like all disruptive innovation, AI brings both opportunities and challenges. We are attentive 
to the potential impacts on the job market, and therefore, the Plan places special emphasis on professional 
qualification and the generation of new employment opportunities. We want not only to prepare our citizens 
for the jobs of the future but also to create an entire productive ecosystem around these technologies.
The strength of PBIA lies in its capacity to connect technological innovation with the resolution of 
concrete national problems. PBIA represents not only a governmental commitment but a partnership that 
involves all Brazilian society. Researchers, entrepreneurs, workers, students, and citizens from all regions of 
the Country are called to contribute to this collective construction of a future where technology serves 
the common good.
9
Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan
We are facing a historic opportunity. With the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan, we take a decisive step 
to ensure that Brazil is not just a passive consumer of technologies developed elsewhere, but an active 
protagonist in defining the directions of global artificial intelligence, always with a view to the needs and 
aspirations of our people.
Together, we will make artificial intelligence a powerful ally in building a more just, prosperous, and 
technologically sovereign Brazil.
Luciana Santos
Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation
10
Introduction1
Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as one of the greatest transformative forces of our era, representing 
not an isolated revolution, but the continuity of previous waves associated with computerization and 
connection through the Internet, among other advances that continue to deeply reshape our society, 
economy, and governmental structures. AI, especially with recent advances in generative AI, emerges 
as a new wave of innovation in this context, following the initial waves of computing and the internet. 
Just as in previous waves, the current moment of accelerated technological transformation offers unique 
opportunities for developing countries to speed up their progress, reducing the lag behind developed 
nations. Brazil, in particular, exhibits characteristics that position it favorably in this context. After several 
reforms, the Brazilian economy recovered its stability and accumulated significant international reserves. 
The recent approval of tax reform and the new fiscal regime has paved the way for a new horizon of 
investments for the Country, which is being reinforced by the new industrial policy and the de-contingency 
of scientific and technological development funds (FNDCT and Funttel). 
With a young population that is very agile in adopting new technologies, the Country has also made 
great progress in recent decades in expanding its teaching and research network and structuring its 
innovation ecosystem. The Country also counts on a set of diverse national databases in different and 
important areas, such as health, agriculture, and the financial system, among others. It also presents 
structuring initiatives, such as the Applied Research Centers (CPA) (Brazil, 2024) in artificial intelligence, 
the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)/Brazilian Company for Industrial Research 
and Innovation (Embrapii) Network, and the launch of calls for proposals to stimulate the development 
of innovative solutions for various governmental and private sectors. Brazil’s predominantly clean energy 
matrix (EPE, 2023) also represents an important competitive advantage, enabling the development of 
more sustainable AI solutions that align with global emission reduction objectives. 
However, to fully leverage its potential, the Country faces major challenges. For example, it is necessary to 
substantially increase investments in research and development (R&D), implement cutting-edge digital and 
computational infrastructure, and ensure the interoperability, availability, and access to data. In practice, 
the challenge of implementing computational and data infrastructure means installing high-performance 
supercomputers dedicated to AI, expanding next-generation data centers, and strengthening high-speed 
communication networks.
In parallel, it is essential to intensify broad training in AI, with the development of qualification programs 
at all levels, from basic education to postgraduate studies, in addition to the requalification of the existing 
workforce, in order to adapt to the new demands and opportunities of the labor market, creating a 
qualified workforce both for the development and for the effective and critical use of AI technologies. 
The training of a qualified technical body and the creation of compatible job positions are fundamental 
for the retention of talent and the technological sovereignty of the Country. It is also essential to foster 
AI ecosystems in the various Brazilian regions that promote collaboration between companies, universities, 
and the government to boost innovation and the development of artificial intelligence appropriate to 
Brazilian characteristics. 
1 The present publication is a reference document for the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan. Annexes 1 and 2, which contain 
the immediate impact and structuring actions, will be regularly updated. Information resulting from updates to the Plan can be 
followed via the MCTI website.
11
Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan
Such challenges, typical of a nation whose path to development remains incomplete, are multifaceted 
and demand innovative solutions. In the health sector, for instance, although the Country has a broad, 
decentralized, and universal system, there are important challenges to be overcome to achieve quality 
healthcare for all, including for isolated communities where reaching a health facility can take days. 
In this scenario, AI holds  transformative potential for the good.
Brazil is also one of the largest food producers in the world (FAO, 2023), but it faces significant challenges, 
such as the need to reduce waste in the transport and commercialization stages and support small farmers 
who lack access to information and technologies that could increase their productivity. AI can play an 
important role in this scenario, contributing from providing personalized technical assistance on best 
agricultural practices, based on soil and climate data, to optimizing input and distribution chains.
In short, when talking about the need for an AI appropriate to Brazilian characteristics, we must take 
into account that the Country’s challenges have their peculiarities. The availability of technological and 
material resources is limited, and both technical capacity and AI literacy are very diverse, conforming to 
a unique, but highly relevant, scenario for the solution of these challenges and problems using AI.
Although AI is not a panacea, it proves to be a strong ally in the development of sustainable and integrated 
alternatives to the environment to improve people’s lives. Pilot solutions are emerging in new research 
centers, companies, startups, and universities. Brazil, with its centers of excellence, highly qualified researchers 
and entrepreneurs, is moving in the right direction to face this broad set of challenges with viable and 
efficient solutions, but needs to accelerate its journey, through efforts to overcome major bottlenecks.
It was based on these premises that the formulation of a Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan (PBIA) was 
requested from the National Council for Science and Technology (CCT) on March 7, 2024. At the time, 
the President of the Republic emphasized the need to develop and adopt a technology that would 
improve the lives of Brazilian citizens and be guided by ethical and non-discriminatory principles, serving 
as an example to the world. PBIA is, thus, a plan geared towards overcoming major national challenges in 
specific areas with the potential for a positive impact on the well-being of Brazilians. The Plan is inspired 
by international experiences, adapting them to the Brazilian reality in order to take advantage of the 
Country’s comparative advantages, such as its clean energy matrix, cutting-edge research capacity, and 
technological qualification in strategic sectors such as agriculture, health, and the environment.
To realize the desired changes, PBIA seeks to:
• improve the lives of Brazilians through innovations in artificial intelligence aimed at improving 
national productive capacity and social well-being;
• position Brazil at the advanced technological frontier with computational infrastructure to 
drive cutting-edge research, technological development, and innovations in AI;
• develop Large Language Models (LLM) for artificial intelligence in Portuguese, based on 
national data; and 
• strengthen Brazil’s global leadership, promoting technological development in artificial 
intelligence with sovereignty and international sharing of capabilities.
To achieve these objectives, the Plan emphasizes the need for significant and long-term investments 
in R&D, with the creation of mechanisms to encourage greater private sector participation. It fosters 
12
collaboration between academia and industry, in addition to supporting the establishment of a regulatory 
framework conducive to responsible innovation. In this way, PBIA aligns with other regulatory initiatives 
underway in the legislative, judiciary, and executive spheres.
The Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan was prepared under the strategic guidance of the CCT, which 
played a central role in the conception and direction of the Plan.2 Over four months, various activities 
were carried out for its elaboration, such as working meetings, thematic workshops, and bilateral meetings 
with public and private institutions, aiming to identify and design concrete AI application initiatives in 
priority areas, with the objective of addressing specific bottlenecks relevant to the Brazilian population. 
The result of this process was a proposed Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan that represents an ambitious 
and necessary commitment to the future of Brazil. PBIA aims to develop and implement AI technologies 
that boost the Country’s economic and technological progress, simultaneously meeting the real needs of 
the Brazilian population and respecting our diversity and cultural values. PBIA proposes the creation of a 
responsible innovative ecosystem, where technological development and ethical and social considerations 
walk side by side. With this approach, Brazil positions itself at the forefront of AI development, serving 
as a global example of the use of this technology for the benefit of all society. The following chapters 
detail how this vision translates into concrete actions to realize the transformative potential of an 
AI for the Good of All.
2 In accordance with MCTI Ordinance No. 8,251/2024 (Brasil, 2024a), the elaboration of PBIA was coordinated by a Working Group 
led by the Executive Secretariat (Sexec/MCTI), including representatives from the MCTI Secretariat of Science and Technology 
for Digital Transformation (Setad/MCTI), the CCT, and a special advisor to the Minister of State for Science, Technology and 
Innovation. It counted on the participation of representatives from the following bodies and institutions: Secretariat of Articulation 
and Monitoring of the Civil House of the Presidency of the Republic (SAM/CC/PR), Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade 
and Services (MDIC), Ministry of Management and Innovation in Public Services (MGI), Ministry of Justice and Public Security 
(MJSP), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MRE), CGEE, National Confederation of Industry (CNI), and academics.
13
Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan

1. The context of artificial intelligence in 
the world and in Brazil
1.1. What is artificial intelligence?
For the purposes of this Plan, artificial intelligence is defined as the set of models, algorithms, techniques, 
and methodologies that can be implemented as computational systems that produce results such as 
predictions, classifications, recommendations, and decisions, based on learning processes relying on large 
volumes of data3, with the potential to influence physical and virtual environments. We can highlight the 
following typical characteristics of these artificial intelligence-based systems:
• Operate with different degrees of autonomy to achieve explicitly or implicitly defined objectives;
• Use inputs (e.g., data) generated by machines (e.g., sensors, cameras) and/or humans to perceive 
and analyze environments;
• Build abstract models from these inputs through a variety of training processes and techniques 
automated to different degrees;
• Apply these models to different scenarios, to perform inferences, generate information (e.g., 
predictions, recommendations), execute actions, or support decision-making;
• Can be specialized in tasks of varying degrees of specificity, from peculiar activities to general
purpose systems, capable of performing a range of jobs; and
• Include subtypes such as generative AI, capable of generating, significantly modifying, or 
synthesizing various types of content, including text, images, audio, video, and software code, 
often in a way indistinguishable from human-produced content.
This combination of data analysis and modeling with high computational power grants AI an unprecedented 
transformative potential, capable of transforming various sectors of society and the economy.
1.2. The transformative potential of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence represents one of the most transformative technological forces of our time, with the 
potential to reshape practically every sector of human activity. The emergence of generative AI, capable of 
generating significant, new, or improved content from existing data, further expands this transformative 
potential. AI is already reshaping entire sectors, from education to entertainment, requiring a continuous 
re-evaluation of public policies to ensure its use remains beneficial and ethical.
3 It is common to be based on large volumes of data, but this is not a necessary condition for AI.
15
Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan
The release of multiple generative AI models for public use starting in 2022 marked a crucial moment in the 
evolution of artificial intelligence. Such models attracted millions of users in just a few days, demonstrating 
the broad interest and accessibility of generative AI to the general public. If, on the one hand, the content 
generation capabilities demonstrated by these models led to a perception that the world is facing a new 
“technological revolution,” on the other hand, artificial intelligence is not in fact a new phenomenon. 
Its roots are in the initial development of computing in the 1940s and 1950s (Figure 1), consolidating in 
the 1980s-1990s, and developing in an accelerated manner since the beginning of the 21st century.
Beginnings
1940s: Alan Turing proposes the idea of “machines that can think” and introduces 
the theoretical concept of the Turing Machine.
1950: Turing publishes “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” proposing the 
Turing Test.
1956: Dartmouth Conference coins the term “artificial intelligence.”
1960s-1970s: Development of early AI programs, such as ELIZA.
Consolidation
1971: Launch of the Intel 4004 microprocessor, marking a significant advance in 
processing capacity.
1980s: Advances in expert systems and neural networks.
1997: IBM’s Deep Blue defeats world chess champion Garry Kasparov. 1990s-2000s: 
Development of machine learning algorithms, increased computational power, and 
access to large amounts of data.
2000s: Development of machine learning algorithms, increased computational 
power, and access to large amounts of data.
Modern Era
2006: NVIDIA launches the CUDA platform, allowing the use of GPUs for deep 
learning.
2010: Beginning of significant advances in deep learning.
2012: AlexNet neural network wins the ImageNet competition using GPUs.
2016: Google launches the Tensor Processing Unit (TPU); AlphaGo defeats Lee 
Sedol in Go.
2022: OpenAI launches ChatGPT, broadening public access to AI 2025: Launch of 
the Chinese AI model that revolutionized the market with reduced operating costs 
and lower use of computational resources compared to the competitors.
Figure 1 – From Beginnings to the Modern Era: A Timeline of Artificial Intelligence 
Source: Own elaboration
Understanding the dynamics of a technological revolution is essential for emerging countries like Brazil to 
identify and seize the windows of opportunity that arise, allowing them to accelerate their development 
processes and reduce the gap with leading countries. These windows change as technologies evolve, 
requiring agile and flexible strategies.  In this transition, two windows open simultaneously: the rejuvenation 
of mature sectors, driven by the rapid absorption of new technologies in their initial phases, and the 
emergence of new technological applications, which frequently create new industrial sectors in the process 
(Perez, 2001). To take advantage of them, developing countries need to strengthen their technological, 
human, and managerial capabilities, in addition to adopting new organizational models and establishing 
strategic partnerships. 
However, the process of disruptive transformation also brings multiple impacts of AI on society. Firstly, 
AI has the potential to profoundly transform democracy and information integrity. It can both strengthen 
democratic processes through more accurate data analysis that helps improve the delivery of public 
services and goods, but it can also represent risks to democracy, requiring constant vigilance against the 
spread of misinformation that affects citizens’ perception of social reality.
16
The context of artificial intelligence in the world and in Brazil
The human-machine relationship and associated ethical issues are also critical, as they redefine interactions 
and attributions, while raising questions about justice, transparency, autonomy, responsibility, support for 
ethical issues, and human values, among others (Meira, 2024). For example, if artificial intelligence models 
are capable of making autonomous decisions and implement them, who is legally responsible for mistaken 
decisions? The accelerated development of AI demands agile regulatory frameworks that ensure its ethical 
and safe use, protecting organizations and final consumers without inhibiting innovation.
Similarly, in education and work, AI offers opportunities for personalization of teaching and continuous 
learning, but challenges traditional employment structures, requiring adaptation and reskilling (ABC, 2023). 
Understanding the dynamics of technological revolutions is also important when dealing with the effects 
of new technologies on jobs and occupations. 
Historical trajectory suggests a pattern: after an initial period of apprehension, societies tend to adapt 
to new technologies, often resulting in comprehensive economic and social benefits. This adaptation 
process involves the reconfiguration of the labor market, the development of new skills, and the creation 
of previously non-existent economic sectors. It is important to note, however, that the transition is rarely 
uniform or free of challenges. This process requires a proactive approach in the formulation of public 
policies that facilitate the transition, promote the requalification of the workforce, and stimulate innovation 
in emerging sectors. Such policies are essential for countries and regions to seize the technological 
windows of opportunity opened during periods of transformation, maximizing socio-economic benefits 
and minimizing the negative impacts of these changes.
Another critical aspect is the impact of AI on the environment and environmental sustainability. The effects 
are dual and sometimes contradictory. On the one hand, AI offers tools for environmental monitoring, 
optimization of resource use in production processes, and efficiency of energy systems. On the other hand, 
AI models raise concerns about energy and water resource consumption. Another factor that must be 
considered when evaluating the impact of AI on the environment is the potential environmental damage 
generated by computer manufacturing, as well as the disposal of electronic waste from obsolete machines.
Technological sovereignty and international cooperation emerge as central themes, with countries seeking 
strategic autonomy while recognizing the need for global collaboration. In this context, issues related to 
data security and the models built from them gain a new dimension, requiring new frameworks for the 
protection of intellectual property and individual privacy. AI has profound implications for human rights 
and inclusion, potentially expanding opportunities or exacerbating inequalities (Lamb, 2024). AI systems 
that exhibit racial biases evidence the risks of perpetuating historical injustices. Language models with 
gender bias also threaten to reinforce harmful stereotypes. Furthermore, unequal access to infrastructure 
and resources for AI development can deepen the technological gap between nations, widening global 
disparities. These issues, added to the challenges of cybersecurity, demand innovative and collaborative 
approaches to ensure a more equitable and resilient digital future.
These critical impacts of AI illustrate the scope and depth of its influence on contemporary society. 
They highlight the need for a holistic and strategic approach to the development and implementation 
of AI, one that considers not only its potential benefits, but also the ethical, social, environmental, and 
economic challenges it presents. Given these impacts, it is essential to develop a robust governance and ethical 
regulation framework for AI. This includes the creation of regulatory frameworks that promote responsible 
innovation, guarantee the protection of individual and collective rights, and establish ethical standards for the 
development and use of AI systems, which, at the same time, must satisfy increasingly complex requirements 
for security and robustness. As we advance in the era of AI, it is imperative that governments, companies, 
and civil society work together to shape a future where AI is truly a force for the common good.
17
Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan
1.3. Windows of opportunity for Brazil
Leveraging the global momentum of AI integration in various spheres of human activity, Brazil presents 
itself as fertile ground for the appropriation, adoption, and adaptation of these technologies. The Country 
has unique advantages that can be explored to boost technological development, and to promote inclusive 
economic growth and improve the quality of life of the population. Thus, windows of opportunity open 
for Brazil to stand out and advance in the field of artificial intelligence, especially in the following areas:
• Sustainable AI with a clean energy matrix: Brazil’s predominantly renewable energy matrix 
offers a unique competitive advantage for the development of sustainable AI. The Country 
can position itself as a leader in low-environmental impact data centers and AI infrastructure, 
attracting investment and promoting innovations in green computing and energy efficiency in AI;
• AI for the environment and biodiversity: Brazil’s vast environmental diversity, combined 
with preservation challenges, creates unique opportunities for AI applications in environmental 
monitoring and sustainable resource management;
• AI in public health and the SUS: The Unified Health System (SUS), one of the largest public 
health systems in the world, offers an opportunity for large-scale AI applications. The vast 
volume of health data generated by SUS can drive innovative solutions to improve diagnoses, 
optimize resources, predict disease outbreaks, and personalize treatments;
• AI in agriculture: As one of the main global agricultural producers, the use of AI can bring 
benefits throughout Brazil’s food production value chain;
• AI for social inclusion and reduction of inequalities: AI’s potential to improve access to 
essential services and create economic opportunities can help address persistent social challenges;
• Development of AI models in Portuguese: Brazil has a favorable condition to lead the 
development of AI in Portuguese, benefiting a global community;
• Development of AI solutions for local problems: The ability to create solutions adapted 
to Brazil’s specific needs can generate relevant innovations for other developing countries;
• Application of AI in public administration: Brazil’s continental size and the vast amount 
of governmental data offer fertile ground for optimizing processes and improving public 
services through AI;
• AI research and development: The existence of AI research centers and the collaboration 
between academia, government, and industry create an environment conducive to technological 
advances; and
• Training and retention of AI talent: The expanding job market and growing interest in AI 
offer opportunities.
Despite the propensity of the Brazilian population to adopt new technologies, it is important to question 
this characteristic (Cetic.br, 2023a). As highlighted in the report by the Brazilian Academy of Sciences 
(ABC) (ABC, 2023), the national context is critical: only a small portion of the population has access 
to quality education. This directly impacts the Country’s ability to develop and implement substantial 
18
The context of artificial intelligence in the world and in Brazil
technological advances. For Brazil to effectively benefit from AI, it is essential to develop a set of policies that 
not only promotes technological innovation but also addresses existing educational and socio-economic 
inequalities. This includes investments in technological education, digital infrastructure development, and 
policies that broaden and democratize access to AI knowledge across  Brazilian society. 
</syntaxhighlight>